photoshop

The Parental Controls in OS X are simple, but there are plenty of options in there – some of which are useful for other things than preventing underage access. You can limit computer use to a certain length of time every day, set a 'bedtime' after which users won't be able to use the computer, limit the functions of the Finder, limit what apps that user can use and more.



As well as letters and symbols you see on your keyboard, you can type a bewildering array of special characters. You may already be familiar with typing accents such as for café (in that case you either type Option+E then E again or, on OS X 10.7 or later, hold down the E until you get extra options) but you'll find there are many more.Go to the Edit menu of most apps and you'll see Special Characters at the bottom. This panel gives you access to a huge range of symbols you can drag into your documents. Not all apps or operating systems support them, but these are mostly part of the cross-platform Unicode standard. There are probably more than you see at first, too; click the cog to reveal more.Emoji (those fun, colourful characters available in OS X 10.7 or later) are a notable exception to this cross-platform world. They're not Apple-only, but your recipient might not be able to see them.



8. Make the subtitles legible Oh, Netflix minions: for all the work you put in to adding accurate subtitles, you then dash it all by making the typeface too small, or the text colour too light, for you to read easily. Changing the default yellow sans-serif font is easy, however - go to Your Account then, under Your Profile, select Subtitle Appearance. In the pop-up box, change and preview until you're satisfied.



If your taskbar isn't already overflowing with software icons and their associated Jump Lists, you can add even more functionality with toolbars.Right-click on your taskbar once again, select Properties, then open the Toolbars tab. A list of Windows' available toolbars appears/ Simply check the box next to ones you want to add to your taskbar and click OK. I like the Address and Desktop toolbars. Address plops a URL bar in your taskbar, which you can use to browse directly to any website in your default browser. Desktop adds a drop-down (drop-up?) menu you can use to browse to any folder or file on your PC. Sweet!

Rather than trying to track that missing file down or manually delete the legion of copies, whip out the universal Get Out of Jail Free card that, somewhat surprisingly, also works within Windows proper: Crtl + Z. The keyboard shortcut undoes your last action, restoring order when chaos suddenly appears. (Crtl + C and Crtl + V for copying and pasting, respectively, also work properly within Windows.)
Best Notepad Tricks
The menu bar has been a fixture on the Mac since it launched in 1984, but since OS X El Capitan, you can hide the menu bar. Open System Preferences, go to General, then click "Automatically hide and show the menu bar."When you tick this box off, the menu bar will reappear as you glide your mouse arrow towards the top of the screen, allowing you to get at all your menus.

With Min/Max width, you are also allowing for new devices as they emerge, no matter what the device dimensions are. I like to develop for all sizes- meaning that as I use breakpoints I want my sites to look 99-100% at every width, even if it is in between normal device widths. With Min/Max width you can test this by dragging your browser around.

Happily, getting to the bottom of this problem is considerably easier with your Mac. Since Yosemite, you can chose from the View > Column menu when you're on Activity Monitor's CPU tab to show a column of processes that are preventing sleep. Click this column header to sort by it, and then you can easily find what apps are keeping your Mac awake, then quit them if necessary.

Before macOS Sierra, the Mac's ability to listen to you as well as talk was already really impressive with its Dictation tool. But now, that's been blown out of the water by Siri's long-awaited arrival on Apple's desktops and laptops.By either pressing and holding the Command and Space or clicking the icon on your Dock or Menu Bar, you can summon the same Siri you've grown accustomed to on your iPhone. However, this version of Siri is, in ways, much more powerful.Beyond the standard query that might give you the weather or who's up in the in playoff game, Siri on macOS Sierra can toggle system functions like Wi-Fi or Bluetooth or even pull up individuals files stored on your system based on what you tell Siri about the file.Siri can even launch or close apps for you as well as store the results of your queries inside the Notifications area of the OS for later use. Just press Command+Space and get to asking.

Ronny Permalink to comment# August 30, 2011 Nexus S reports 533 Pixels in landscape mode. so none of the above snippets will work if the phone is in landscape mode when you navigate to your site. my iPod on the other hand always reports 320px in portrait, as well as in landscape mode. Same for iPhone 4. It always reports 320px. Reply ↓

I am sort of a newbie to media queries, so please excuse me if I seem out of touch with the latest media queries code. However, I am just reading these comments for the first time and they are over 3 years old. Does this site have an updated thread please??

Preview is one one of the most under-appreciated apps on a Mac; especially in later versions of OS X, it became hugely powerful, and even for us at MacFormat, it does much of what we'd traditionally use a more elaborate and expensive application such as Photoshop for. Do yourself a favor: open an image in Preview and poke around the app's menus and interface to see what it can do.

hello, my website isnt responsive. i am using joomla 3.3.0, how can i make this responsive, which when open in a mobile device it will fit on its screen size and not changing or shuffling any images, it should be look like exactly as it is in the desktop browser. can anyone help me?

Kristin Schaeffer Permalink to comment# January 15, 2013 Gorgeous site, Jeremy! And I really like how you’ve broken it up with media queries. I stumbled on this post searching for the same problem you had – getting everything to look the same cross-phone-browsers. I think this thread may help me. Thanks for posting and keep up the awesome work.

Absolutely anyone is welcome to submit a comment here. But not all comments will be posted. Think of it like writing a letter to the editor. All submitted comments will be read, but not all published. Published comments will be on-topic, helpful, and further the discussion or debate.

Be Careful Plugging In Your DC Jack Unless you have an Apple laptop with its MagSafe magnetic connector, you need to be gentle when plugging in your computer. If excessive force is applied to the jack, the solder joints connecting the jack to the motherboard can crack. The points of contact can quickly overheat, further damaging the motherboard and the jack. In some cases the motherboard can even catch fire. So don't apply too much force, don't use a cheap after-market charger (only an original charger), and if you notice that the jack is loose, bring it to a repair place ASAP. The more you use a laptop with a loose jack, the looser it becomes and the more you risk destroying both the charger and the motherboard.

If there are certain apps that you'll always want to have open when you start up your Mac, you can set this up in System Preferences. Go to Users, make sure your user account is highlighted, then click Login Items.

According to HP's Gupta, a high-efficiency adapter could be made for a single voltage, like the 110 volts we use in the U.S., rather than switchable between 110- and 220 voltage for global use. Theoretically, it could hit 94% efficiency, he says.

UPDATE 24 November 2009 - Electric Shocks from Webcam and Back cover when powered via AC Despite multiple replacements of the Logitech webcam and back cover, I still get electric shocks when touching the back of the LCD, especially the back of the webcam. This happens only when connected to a direct power source. The laptop is now out of warranty, but even if it was, I would not have asked for repairs as this has been done many times.

One of the most appealing aspects of Windows 8's touch-friendly side is its ability to "Snap" multiple open apps side-by-side. The feature comes in very handy on the desktop as well if you need to start multitasking. Simply click an open window and drag it to the left or right edge of the screen to automatically resize it to fill that half of the desktop. Dragging a window to the top edge expands it to full screen.If you're more into keyboard commands, Windows key + left arrow, Windows key + right arrow, and Windows key + up arrow snaps the selected window in the same manner.

Today, with Sierra, we can chuck any files we like onto either the Desktop or Documents folder, in addition to the iCloud Drive icon in the Finder sidebar, and those files and folders will be synced automatically. Those special, "blessed" apps still get their own folders, but you can create your own or just put things loose into iCloud Drive now via the Desktop and Documents folder.

This brings up a secret debug menu of your general information (plus, if you're on Xbox, technical information such as AV stats, a frame rate counter, a log and so on). Tweak the settings from here, or take the option to deactivate then relaunch the app – allowing you to change the settings and eliminate the buffering.

After countless power off's, installing of logitech software and updating drivers, I have just disabled and removed the webcam device in Device Manager. As of now, the first and last two issues are not there. Will update this section on how it goes with the 2nd issue.

You probably should turn off Automatic login and set your Security & Privacy settings to require a password after, say, five seconds of sleep or screensaver time. That way you can be sure nobody will be able to access your stuff, but when they try to use your Mac they'll be offered the option of switching user and can then pick Guest.

In various places in OS X and macOS you see the option of sharing things to friends and contacts from a little Share button that looks like an arrow going up out of a box. The best bit, though, is that Macs keep track of how and to whom you most often share stuff.

Now…what to do with it? A quick online search for possibilities gave me three ideas: use the display as a photo frame, use the hard drive as a jumbo USB drive, or use the system as a server for a printer. I ruled out the photo frame, because I want something interactive, not just a wall display. I also decided against the USB, because I already have a terabyte external drive for backups.

Bryn Permalink to comment# November 20, 2014 Yes this is critical if you are showing and hiding certain elements using css. I would not use “-device-” or when you resize the browser it will look horrible. Just an FYI. I never use “-device-“, I don’t see the point because all devices will fall into the above @media queries that Gerard posted. Keep these on file and thanks for sharing.

Portability and Battery Life - Take Whatever You're Doing on the Go Your laptop’s portability is likely one reason you purchased it in the first place. You can take your work, schoolwork, or hobbies with you wherever you go. If the only free time you have is during your lunch break, but it’s a twenty minute drive to the mall, just take your laptop to a local delicatessen and shop online for those new shoes you’ve had your eye on for weeks. If you have recently taken up rock climbing and want to join a club of like-minded people, use your laptop to research climbing clubs in the area. If you love online gaming but don’t want to be stuck inside all day, find a quiet spot in the park where you can maintain a higher score than your friends on Candy Crush Saga*. Working on a life-size anime drawing, but going away for the weekend? Simply upload the file to the cloud, and you can access it whenever you’re feeling creative. Transfer and Share Files Another cool thing to do with your laptop is to share your files across multiple devices. Just follow our simple instructions, and you will be able to access your music library, movie collection, and vacation photographs from your laptop or 2 in 1, tablet, and smartphone. By transferring files, all your data is always at your fingertips, and you can even share favorites with your friends! Stream Music With a new laptop or 2 in 1, streaming music is no longer a frustrating experience of waiting for files to buffer. Connect to your favorite Internet radio station or even your music library at home and enjoy your music without hiccups, static, or time outs. Watch a Movie Use your laptop to play DVDs, watch streaming videos online, or even to access Netflix* or Hulu* accounts for movies! Stream TV Shows With an Internet connection, you can to stream TV and watch your favorite shows using Hulu*, Youtube*, Vimeo*, or other websites from anywhere. You can also enjoy many TV programs directly from the source, like the network's website. Online Courses There are a wide variety of online courses available nowadays, from free extension courses at Ivy League universities to practical personal training courses from exercise institutions. Find Out How Fun Life Can Be With all these cool things you can do with your laptop, visit the Intel® Product Finder today to learn, shop, and compare.

Spork Schivago Permalink to comment# August 2, 2015 I think what the developer was showing was the media queries for the various iPhone stuff. Yeah, it’d work with other devices, but it definitely works with the iPhone 4 and 4S. I do believe that’s why he’s grouped it under the iPhones section. They’re basically saying hey, this is the media query for iPhone 4 and 4S. Other phones that use the same resolution will be included as well, but if you’re looking for the code to support iPhone 4 and 4S, here ya go.

you have 1824px which yes is understandable, very large screens, larger then my imac monitor so therefore the grid system can expand. But then you have 1224px, ok this is larger then the resolution of my macbook but 1200px at least is my imac size and to me the standard size of any screen round a bout.

Make sure the Edit Toolbar is visible (from the View menu) and you'll see you've got options for drawing shapes, arrows, speech and thought bubbles and more. There's also the option to highlight text in different colours, strikethrough some text, add notes and type some text into boxes.

To connect using USB, plug your iPhone into your Mac and you should get a dialog that takes you to the Network section in System Preferences, from which you can select the iPhone. For Bluetooth, activate Bluetooth on both devices and pair them, and the connection option should again appear in System Preferences > Network.

Jordan November 29, 2009 at 3:13 am The description for Shift+Del is wrong. It still asks you to confirm the operation--the difference is that instead of sending the file to the Recycle Bin after you click "Yes," it deletes it permanently. Reply

As you probably know, you can add multiple users to your Mac, so that every person in your home or office, say, can have their own space to work and to set things up how they like them. But there's another kind of account you can turn on: a Guest account.

Did you know that you can also undo an undo, i.e. redo what you did using the CTRL + Y key combination? This feature is most useful, however, when you have to repeat a task, like pasting the same information into several locations.

You’ll find plenty of step-by-step guides on the web. Our friends at Lifehacker have one of the most comprehensive guides out there, though as we say it’s not a hugely complex process. Just make sure you back up all of your save games, screenshots and other bits of personal data to an external hard drive before you swap out the main one in the system.

My above illustrations was simple… but when you use this for an entire site it becomes super powerful. When I need to go back and edit the screen width of one div only on mobile devices at 640px, I simply go to that class in my CSS and make changes- I don’t need to scroll through a page of mobile CSS to make changes. As Chris Coyer said the above way(using mixins and SCSS) is the way your brain wants to connect the dots, so why organize things differently. Since I have started to do this, I can just code mobile as I go. I can put together a sites CSS and responsive all at once, rather than two separate items.

Dan Permalink to comment# August 24, 2012 @f1ss1on: You’re parsing words there. Marcy isn’t saying “dude just write shitty broken HTML, it’s cool! She’s saying you shouldn’t worry too much about validators because they don’t take into account the complexity of our rapidly evolving ecosystem. Validators often puke on code which is perfectly fine. Reply ↓
 sharmatricks

Shikhar Dhawan's

There's some intrigue in the India camp Re the future of Anil Kumble, and rumours that there have been some issues between him and Virat Kohli. Cricket-Australian McDermott applies for India coach job - report NEW DELHI, June 4 (Reuters) - Former Australia fast bowler Craig McDermott has applied for the post of India head coach, which will become vacant after the ongoing Champions Trophy campaign. The Indian cricket board (BCCI) advertised the post last month, while maintaining that incumbent Anil Kumble would be considered for a contract extension after the team recorded just one defeat in 17 tests since he took over in June last year. McDermott, who played 71 tests for Australia between 1984 and 1996 and was his country's full-time bowling coach from the 2013-14 Ashes series to last year's World T20, said he had submitted an application. "I have had aspirations for a while to be a head coach," he told www.sportstarlive.com. "I was away from cricket coaching for a year, and now, I want to come back to it. I have also enjoyed my time in India, and it would be nice to serve Indian cricket." According to media reports, his former team mate Tom Moody, former Pakistan coach Richard Pybus, ex-India opener Virender Sehwag and coach of the 2007 World T20 winning Indian team Lalchand Rajput have also applied for the job. Managing an Indian dressing room full of egos and diverse personalities is a Herculean task and former captain Kumble's impressive record will be difficult to ignore. The BCCI's Cricket Advisory Committee, which will make the decision, comprises his former team mates Sachin Tendulkar, Sourav Ganguly and VVS Laxman.



Shame. But that delay might come at a reasonable time for Pakistan. India just starting to tick, and some errors starting to creep in for the Pakistan boys. Imad tosses one up and Dhawan wallops it. Now a really irritating bit of cricket, the ball knocked into the deep for a single, a wild throw, keeper misses it, nobody is backing up. Oh, Pakistan. Three runs. Anyway, then a couple of singles and the umpires have the players off after the fifth ball of the over.



Rohit living dangerously! A bit of width from Mo Amir, Rohit flashes at it and edges the ball wide of the second slip, who is wide. Azhar Ali dives full length but cannot grab it.



And we get off to yet another slow start. Rohit Sharma has certainly slowed down quite a bit, after that rain delay. Meanwhile, Virat Kohli seems to be taking the cautious approach, as India would benefit from having more wickets in hand, if the D/L method comes into play.

Well that looks plum out to me, but for some reason Marais Erasmus doesn't fancy it. Pakistan get one thing right at least, albeit the first thing they have got right all day. They review. It's out. 

Virat gets a huge cheer: "The side batting second will have some pressure. Nice and hard wicket. We will look to use our main strength which is batting. It is just a game of cricket for me, anywhere in the world. We feel normal, the preparations are as usual."

OVER 20: IND 110/0 (Rohit 55* Dhawan 51*)           Come on Pakistan. Get your act together. India are putting their foot down and Pakistan are crumbling under pressure. A terrible over from Wahab, who really is old enough to know better. Short and wide outside off, leg stump half volley, short and wide outside off. Dhawan goes four, four, four. Next ball, Wahab produces a decent slower one, but Dhawan has seen that coming, and dabs it into the offside, where Shadab makes an amateurish misfield. That turns none into two and Pakistan are coming apart at the seams here. Fifty for Dhawan.

OVER 33: IND 173/1 (Rohit 77* Kohli 24*)   Hasan again starts with three dots, before taking the pace off the ball with a wide-ish cutter. Rohit can only get it away for a single. Again Pakistan go short and Kohli cannot connect.  Meanwhile, rain is again a concern. The umpires meet in the middle, but play resumes for now.

1997-98 (Pakistan) The Indians had not toured Pakistan since 1989-90 because of political tensions, though they had continued to meet regularly for ODIs, usually on neutral territory, such as Sharjah. In fact they had played each other only a week earlier, in Toronto, where India won the Sahara Cup 4-1. They finally returned to Pakistan for a short one-day series which opened India's Golden Jubilee celebrations. Pakistan took revenge for their Canadian setback, with Saeed Anwar leading them to a 2-1 victory (Rameez Raja, the previous week's captain, had already been dropped). The crowds were mostly welcoming, though there was trouble during the second match, in Karachi, when the Indian fielders were stoned by some spectators, causing an abrupt end to Pakistan's innings. That resulted in Pakistan's only defeat, but a stunning century from Ijaz Ahmed at Lahore brought the series to a triumphant conclusion. ODIs: Pakistan 2-1 India

Indian batting though looks a bit shaky despite the presence of veterans like MS Dhoni and Yuvraj Singh. While Shikhar Dhawan looked in a fine form during India’s warm-up games against New Zealand and Bangladesh, the other opening options – Rohit Sharma and Ajinkya Rahane – did not enjoy a good time in the middle. Kohli, who did not bat in the second warm-up, though looked comfortable in the first practice match against the Kiwi side. While Kedar Jadhav and Dinesh Karthik staked claims with some impressive batting show, Yuvraj Singh’s lack of match time and Dhoni not batting in the second game, mean that India will have a tricky task at their hand.

Hasan again starts with three dots, before taking the pace off the ball with a wide-ish cutter. Rohit can only get it away for a single. Again Pakistan go short and Kohli cannot connect.  Meanwhile, rain is again a concern. The umpires meet in the middle, but play resumes for now.

Wahab Riaz continues, and this is good stuff from the veteran, decent recovery after he had some tap in over 16. india as yet unable to find top gear. God is in the house.

Amir gets two off the first ball of the over, but gives his wicket away the very next ball. Tries to hit Yadav on the up through cover which is more than a tad ambitious. Simple chance for Jadhav in the field, despite his shocking put-down earlier.

FIFTY! Virat Kohli brings up his 50 with a massive six down the ground off Hassan's bowling. The Pakistani pacer had rolled his fingers over the ball, but that did not deter the India skipper. Yuvraj also got into the act, hitting a couple of boundaries in that over. 17 off that over.

And the two Indian openers are out onto the pitch, after a minute's silence in honour of the victims of the London terror attacks yesterday, and the national anthems of the two sides. Rohit Sharma takes strike, as Mohammed Amir hurls in an outward angled delivery that flies past the former's bat.

Imad Wasim comes in to open the bowling from the other side, for Pakistan. A spinner opening in English conditions is highly unusual, indeed. He makes a good start, however, giving away only three runs from that first over.

What are they saying? India captain Virat Kohli: Indian skipper Virat Kohli has denied reports of a rift between himself and coach Anil Kumble on the eve of his team's Champions Trophy Group B opener against arch-rivals Pakistan at Edgbaston on Sunday. Reports of a falling out between Kohli and Kumble emerged after India's cricket board (BCCI) invited applications for the head coach's role last week, despite the team's excellent results since Kumble took over last June. Kumble has guided the team to just one defeat in 17 tests since taking charge, and the BCCI has made it clear that it will also consider extending his contract. "There are no issues whatsoever," Kohli told a news conference on Saturday. "There has been a lot of speculation and a lot of things written by people without actually being a part of the changing room, which is very strange. "There are no problems whatsoever. The team is totally focused on the Champions Trophy." What are the odds? India - 4/9 Pakistan - 7/4 What's our prediction? India should win here, but we're expecting a close match.

OVER 45: IND 264/2 (Kohli 52* Yuvraj 48*)            Hasan Ali. And he has been taken to the cleaners here. 17 off the over. Yuvi sorts out a low full toss for four. Kohli brutalises a length ball for six, timing not there, but the blunt force trauma is good enough in its stead. Front leg around the way and heave. Yells in jubilation, and maybe a bit of frustration, as he passes fifty. Hasan then puts a cherry on it by dishing another full toss to Yuvraj, with predictable results. This is a pasting now.

India Vs Pakistan Cricket Special! Dipps Bhamrah and Saima Ajram Dipps & Saima present a special four hour show with live inserts from India Vs Pakistan at Edgbaston. Our very own Noreen Khan soaks up the atmosphere from the pitch and reports back. It's the biggest cricketing fixture in the world and both Dipps and Saima have their celebrity friends dropping in on the show and giving us their live take on the match. Be it Dr Zeus or Falak, Raxstar or Rahim Pardesi. The biggest names from the world Pakistani and Punjabi entertainment will be on your airwaves. Both Dipps and Saima have prepared a playlist you just cannot miss. Think of the biggest sounds and musical vibes from both India and Pakistan coming together in one huge fusion of music to celebrate this historic cricket game in Birmingham. Plus Dipps will spin a special India vs Pakistan mix to celebrate the end of the game, the question is, which team will be celebrating and which team will be mourning during that mix. Show more / Show less Add Release date: 4 June 2017 18 days left to listen 3 hours, 57 minutes

After 12 overs,Pakistan 78/1 ( Azhar Ali 18 , BabarAzam 4)Preview: Zaman starts attacking from this over, getting three boundaries in four deliveries, targeting the off-side on each occasion. He is playing wonderfully once again, and seems to have carried his big-hitting form over from the match against South Africa. 12 off the over.Both the unfancied teams are on two points each after identical records of one win and a loss from their previous group matches.Pakistan started their campaign on a disastrous note with a 124-run thrashing at the hands of arch-rivals India before punching above their weight to beat South Africa by 19 runs via the Duckworth-Lewis Method.Sri Lanka's Angelo Mathews and Pakistan's Sarfraz Ahmed. AFPSri Lanka also started off with a loss —against South Africa— but stunned India by seven wickets at The Oval in London to throw the group open.However, both Pakistan and Sri Lanka will be wary of the rain that has disrupted most matches in this tournament.If Monday's must win clash between the two sub-continent teams yields no result due to rain, then India and South Africa are likely to go through to the semi-finals.Pakistan were granted a favour by the rain gods against the Proteas who had been restricted to a pedestrian 219/8 in 50 overs.They managed 119/3 in 27 overs when the skies opened up and no further play was possible, prompting the officials to award the match to Pakistan.Sri Lanka, on the other hand, exceeded all expectations against India when they gunned down a formidable 322-run target, their joint-highest run chase in One-Day Internationals (ODI).Danushka Gunathilaka , Kusal Mendis and skipper Angelo Mathews shone with the bat to keep the hopes of the 1996 World Cup winners alive.Click here for live scores and updates from the first semi-final of Champions Trophy 2017 between England and PakistanOn Monday, the Sri Lankans will go into the tie knowing that their batting depth is not just on paper but in real too.The likes of Dinesh Chandimal, Thisara Perera and other good batsmen and did not have to bat against India and will be raring to get some runs under their belt ahead of the knockout stage.Pakistan have depth in bowling even without Wahab Riaz who injured himself against India.Fast bowler Junaid Khan replaced him, seamlessly returning figures of 2/53 against South Africa. Besides, young pacer Hasan Ali has been in top form along with the ever dangerous Mohammad Amir.Imad Wasim is an all-rounder Pakistan would hope to deliver and the experience of Shoaib Malik, Mohammad Hafeez and Azhar Ali would also be key.Pakistan's batting chinks is a cause of worry.All in all, Sri Lanka have the slight upper hand on Monday going by their form and confidence after that superb win against India. But on the given day Pakistan have the firepower to defeat their rivals.With inputs from IANSFor the latest updates from ICC Champions Trophy 2017 Click Here#Angelo mathews#Azhar ali#Cricket#Ct 2017#Ct 2017 pakistan#Ct 2017 sri lanka#Danushka gunathilaka#Dinesh chandimal#Duckworth lewis#Full cricket scorecard#Hasan ali#India#Junaid khan#Kusal mendis#Live cricket score#Live score#Mohammad amir#Pakistan#Shoaib malik#South africa#Sri lanka#Thisara perera#Wahab riaz

Shadab continues, six singles. A nice easy introduction to the match for Virat, he and Rohit are allowed to pick ones up at will.  Mind you, the last one was a bit risky! Needlessly tight run by Kohli, who drops and goes. Rohit would have been struggling. I am handing you over to Ben Curtis for half an hour.

In 1999, immediately following Indian Prime Minister Atal Bihari Vajpayee's historic visit to Pakistan, the Pakistani team toured India for Test matches and played in an ODI competition before the Kargil War again put bilateral relations in deep freeze. Prime Minister Vajpayee's peace initiative of 2003 led to India touring Pakistan after a gap of almost 15 years. Subsequent exchange tours were held in 2005 and 2006 before the 2008 Mumbai attacks led to the suspension of India's planned tour of Pakistan in 2009 and all future engagements in Pakistan. India was scheduled to begin the tour of Pakistan from 13 January to 19 February 2009, but was cancelled because of the tension existing between the two countries after the terrorist attacks in Mumbai.

Bar that wide second ball, this is the first delivery from  Imad Wasim that has offered anything to the batsman. Bit too short, Rohit rocks back and cuts for four.

Talking about to key battles, a lot of eyes will be on Mohammad Amir versus Virat Kohli showdown. However, with Bhuvneshwar Kumar, Umesh Yadav, Mohammed Shami and Jasprit Bumrah to choose from, this could well be the first time when Indian pace attack has more firepower and variety than Pakistan’s. The presence of Hardik Pandya also means that Kohli has a welcome problem at his hand.

Sarfraz misses the chance to put Pandya away through the legside when he strays too straight, but only gets a single.  Imad faces his first ball, and chips a drive straight to the grateful mitts of Jadhav at cover. It was a shorter length  delivery than he thought, and as a result he was always hitting on the up.
https://www.cricketwatchdogs.com
Shikhar Dhawan's wicket has calmed things down a little bit, as he was the one who was going after the bowlers. One thing that happens when Virat Kohli is at the crease though, is that the India skipper always makes his partner, Rohit Sharma in this case, run the close singles, and the 2s.

OVER 31: IND 163/1 (Rohit 74* Kohli 17*)   Seam at both ends now for Pakistan, Hasan back into the attack. He's getting the ball to nip back a little and is asking a few questions of Rohit and Kohli. The former tries to go on the attack, attempting to drill the ball down the ground but he doesn't time it and mid-on intercepts. In response, Hasan gets Rohit ducking under a short ball - a terrific, lively delivery. Another quiet over - just another single. 

Unlike England’s opening pair of Jason Roy and Alex Hales, who can soon fret, Sharma and Shikhar ­Dhawan feigned nonchalance and gave themselves time and, surely enough, they had the class to make it up. They put on 136 for the first wicket in almost half of India’s allotted overs, preparing the way for Kohli, Yuvraj and Pandya to go to town in the second half.

I have not seen Sarfraz Ahmed skipper before, and I cannot say I am all that impressed. Drifty, nothingy display so far. Dhawan sweeps Malik for four. Ball's getting wet. Bit of drizzle.
https://www.cricketwatchdogs.com/2017/06/15/pakistan-beat-england-now-battle-cricket-matches-india-vs-pakistan/
Pakistan need 53 off 84. Pradeep comes back to bowl his last over. He bounces Amir and it goes well over the southpaw's over. Wonder why wasn't that called a wide! The second ball is short and wide, Amir cuts it through point and runs three. Excellent running which brings Sarfraz Ahmed on strike. Ahmed crouches, watches the ball and dead-bats it right under his eyeline. Sarfraz drives the fourth delivery down the ground and mid on dives to his left to stop. Game of margins this! A slip for Amir and he blocks the fifth ball. Amir offers back foot defense on the last ball too. Nuwan Pradeep has finished his quota.

And we have some good news from Edgbaston. Rain has stopped, and the covers are off. India and Pakistan are all set to resume their rivalries again, in a while.

OVER 25: PAK 123/4 (Hafeez 27* Sarfraz 6*)  Nice touch from Sarfraz as he paddle sweeps Jadeja though fine leg for four, and then nurdles one through mid-wicket for a single. Agins, Jadeja steadies himself and bowls three straight dots to finish the over. He is very hard for right-handers to get away when he darts the ball on a middle-stump line like this. 

Sarfraz Ahmed is a delightful gabbler, I like him even more for that. He relates that Shadab, the 18-year-old leggie, is in the XI, Fashim Ashraf is the man who misses out. Virat gets a huge cheer: "The side batting second will have some pressure. Nice and hard wicket. We will look to use our main strength which is batting. It is just a game of cricket for me, anywhere in the world. We feel normal, the preparations are as usual." For India, R Ashwin and Shami are out.

Duplicate

@Alexey – Nice pick up on salesforce.com. I had never even seen that nifty (yeah, I just used the word, “nifty”) little JQuery slider they’re using to hide a crapload of content and keywords. My guess is their “Popular Search Phrases” would get a lesser brand banned/penalized. Reply

Next, we saw Google+ become more important with authorship and with its integration into YouTube. In other words, the information Google is getting from Google+ is considered superior to the information that Google bots crawl based on keywords.



Duplicate content is a type of content that appears on more than one site. Also, duplicate content might be content stolen from other places (URLs). It is only giving a hard time to search engines to choose from all the duplicate content, and show the correct piece of information – which usually happens, and Google is showing the original content in SERPs. That because it can’t show duplicate content – it’s not relevant to the user. Oh, the good old days of SEO when duplicate content wouldn’t damage your site so bad! Nowadays, using this technique will hamper your ranking in a blink of an eye. Besides that, you might put your site at high risk of getting penalized by Google Panda. A safe way that is not considered duplicate content is using citation for the information you gather from external sources.



Whilst it’s better quality than the free spinner, it still has its problems and is something that I wouldn’t be happy appearing on my site. The paid version allows you to check that the content is unique via a Copyscape API, but that won’t overcome the grammatical errors that Google will pick up.



Gray Hat SEO is one of the three techniques that may come as riskier than White Hat. If not done properly, this may result to banning of your site from search engines and affiliate sites. Though many may find this technique a little ‘shady’, rocking on this technique for your site may be beneficial (given that you do it properly).Gray Hat SEO basically is a practice which is ill-defined by the guidelines published in Google. For many businesses, it may seem like a good practice to help their sites have good rankings off search engines.Appropriate understanding of Gray Hat keeps you from negative consequences that costs you time, money and traffic. We all know that Google is known for thinking outside the box and creative innovation. With regards to Gray Hat technique, this isn’t intended for search marketers or the searchers with the changes happening annually. So the trick now is to keep up-to-date and stay informed for its latest categorizations. What could be Gray Hat today may be White or Black Hat the next year.To define further how to go about Gray Hat SEO, here are some tips on how it works.Gray Content. If there are limitations to White Hat and stuffing with Black Hat, Gray Hat SEO works by working in between. Enough to be considered as White Hat but not enough to be considered as Black Hat. If you want this to work, you’ll need to work on high-quality content with keywords that sounds naturally in the content. You can also work on creating duplicate contents and posted on different sites.Gray Links. Purchasing links may be considered a Black Hat activity. But given that links may be exchanged for sponsorship of a certain event, then this is considered safe. Another way is to put your site in appropriate directories. Plan a three-way linking to avoid reciprocal links from appearing and boost your rank in search engines.Work with old domains. Old domain sites are maintained sites by webmasters but abandoned for some reason. Most of these sites are rich with content and backlinks so if you’re planning to have a website with backlinks ready, opting for an old domain may work.Replicate content. Content is the kingpin of combined SEO efforts. In Gray Hat SEO, replicating these contents can boost your standing in the search engine ranking. By using spinners, you will be able to duplicate a content – only with some minute changes. What these spinners do is create a ‘slightly different’ content off the original one with keywords and links in the content. Though creating a totally unique content may put your site at a great advantage, having spinned ones may do the same given that the duplicated content gives off the same organic feel to it.The possibility of your site being banned from Google is lesser compared with Black Hat SEO. However, the risk is still there and may result to a penalty. Techniques are questionable but nonetheless effective if with proper execution and of course, keeping up-to-date with Google’s guidelines. Recent Posts SEO in 2014 – What’s Working and What’s Not Working? Broken Link Building – A Good SEO Strategy? Should You as a Search Engine Optimizer Focus on Content Marketing? Microformats and SEO – What They Are and How They Can Benefit Your Site Black Hat SEOArchivesOctober 2014CategoriesGoogleSeo

While this post is old, I actually know several domain authority 70+ sites where all of these still work. However, they probably wouldn’t do much for a new or a lower authority site.

In 2002, however, the Anti-Sec community published use of the term to refer to people who work in the security industry by day, but engage in black hat activities by night. The irony was that for black hats, this interpretation was seen as a derogatory term; whereas amongst white hats it was a term that lent a sense of popular notoriety.

It is what its name suggests. It’s somewhere in the middle of white and black and if used by a professional, can still be effective. However, it’s safe to say that taking a grey hat approach is playing with fire if you’re not 100% sure of what you’re doing and since we’re predominantly content-led now, it’s not something I would recommend.

White hats drive in the right lane, while the black Lamborghini is getting pulled over and given a ticket for speeding 50 mph over the limit in the fast lane. Granted, it’s quite possible that Lamborghini may never get that ticket as you’re watching it zoom by, but that doesn’t mean there isn’t a cop just a few miles up the road waiting with a radar gun.

There are two forms of black hat SEO. It can get very confusing because they are never really clearly separated by definition. Also, depending on which space or vertical you work in, both forms of black hat SEO can mean very, very different things.

Usually, PBNs are created using expired domains. This is because they already have link juice and that can come in handy when you are trying to pass authority to another site that doesn’t have so much. Yet, this is not mandatory.

As I said above, it really depends on how you do it. If you’re cramming content behind tabs, but the content is strictly keyword focused, that’s not really helping anyone; yet it will still help you rank.

Gray Hat SEO By Haftanin 18 October, 2014 Seo No Comments 0 Gray Hat SEO is one of the three techniques that may come as riskier than White Hat. If not done properly, this may result to banning of your site from search engines and affiliate sites. Though many may find this technique a little ‘shady’, rocking on this technique for your site may be beneficial (given that you do it properly).Gray Hat SEO basically is a practice which is ill-defined by the guidelines published in Google. For many businesses, it may seem like a good practice to help their sites have good rankings off search engines.Appropriate understanding of Gray Hat keeps you from negative consequences that costs you time, money and traffic. We all know that Google is known for thinking outside the box and creative innovation. With regards to Gray Hat technique, this isn’t intended for search marketers or the searchers with the changes happening annually. So the trick now is to keep up-to-date and stay informed for its latest categorizations. What could be Gray Hat today may be White or Black Hat the next year.To define further how to go about Gray Hat SEO, here are some tips on how it works.Gray Content. If there are limitations to White Hat and stuffing with Black Hat, Gray Hat SEO works by working in between. Enough to be considered as White Hat but not enough to be considered as Black Hat. If you want this to work, you’ll need to work on high-quality content with keywords that sounds naturally in the content. You can also work on creating duplicate contents and posted on different sites.Gray Links. Purchasing links may be considered a Black Hat activity. But given that links may be exchanged for sponsorship of a certain event, then this is considered safe. Another way is to put your site in appropriate directories. Plan a three-way linking to avoid reciprocal links from appearing and boost your rank in search engines.Work with old domains. Old domain sites are maintained sites by webmasters but abandoned for some reason. Most of these sites are rich with content and backlinks so if you’re planning to have a website with backlinks ready, opting for an old domain may work.Replicate content. Content is the kingpin of combined SEO efforts. In Gray Hat SEO, replicating these contents can boost your standing in the search engine ranking. By using spinners, you will be able to duplicate a content – only with some minute changes. What these spinners do is create a ‘slightly different’ content off the original one with keywords and links in the content. Though creating a totally unique content may put your site at a great advantage, having spinned ones may do the same given that the duplicated content gives off the same organic feel to it.The possibility of your site being banned from Google is lesser compared with Black Hat SEO. However, the risk is still there and may result to a penalty. Techniques are questionable but nonetheless effective if with proper execution and of course, keeping up-to-date with Google’s guidelines. Recent Posts SEO in 2014 – What’s Working and What’s Not Working? Broken Link Building – A Good SEO Strategy? Should You as a Search Engine Optimizer Focus on Content Marketing? Microformats and SEO – What They Are and How They Can Benefit Your Site Black Hat SEOArchivesOctober 2014CategoriesGoogleSeo

He is the proud Founder & Chief Architect of cognitiveSEO, an SEO Toolset focused on in-depth analysis of ranking signals. With over 8 years experience in affiliate marketing and search engine optimization and 12 years in programming and web development, he has gone from Web Developer to Super Affiliate for large international networks. With a strong focus on everything that is Search Engine related, he developed strategies to stand-out search engine updates. His passion for search engine marketing led him to create his own SEO Toolset, trying to solve the issues that he is facing in the search engine optimization field.

Another “joy” of the over-optimization game is taking abuse of irrelevant keywords just to rank. Just to make myself clear let’s say you like to play poker, but we know you are bluffing, just like your visitors will do when they enter your site, and they will run like bats out of hell. And your CTR will suffer. Gaining traffic by using lots of unnecessary keywords to rank won’t work. Cheating, like in every relation, is punished, and Google will take you/your site down. I get that you have plenty of topics in your niche, but stay there, don’t jump the garden to your neighbor. The dog will bite you! You might lose users that could have become clients, and they will buy from your competitors. That happened just because you weren’t honest with them.

Bibliography

 knowledgelesson

  Black Hat SEO Techniques That Will Tank Your Site. (1970). Retrieved on June 14, 2017, from https://cognitiveseo.com/blog/12169/44-black-hat-seo-techniques/.

Gray Hat SEO . (1970). Retrieved on June 14, 2017, from https://lunapark.nu/gray-hat-seo/.

Grey Hat SEO Techniques That Work | Cucumber Nebula. (1970). Retrieved on June 14, 2017, from http://www.cucumbernebula.com/blog/grey-hat-seo-techniques/.

Grey Hat SEO Techniques: Should You Use Them? | Unamo Blog. (1970). Retrieved on June 14, 2017, from https://unamo.com/blog/seo/grey-hat-seo-techniques.

Grey hat . (1970). Retrieved on June 14, 2017, from https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Grey_hat.

SEO 101: Meet the White Hats, Gray Hats, Black Hats & Asshats .... (1970). Retrieved on June 14, 2017, from https://searchenginewatch.com/sew/opinion/2214534/seo-101-meet-the-white-hats-gray-hats-black-hats-asshats.

Scott Langdon. (1970). The SEO Gray Area Isn't So Gray Anymore: What It Means for Your .... Retrieved on June 14, 2017, from https://www.entrepreneur.com/article/231850.

37 plugins

Not only that, but making sure you have all the tools you need to run a successful online store is also a must.



That said, I don’t think there is any such thing as “37 Essential Plugins”. I’m sure it works really well for a lot of people, but I simply cannot ask my clients to use it… it requires too much HTML knowledge. It is a great plugin, Reader can share your content with their network easily with the help of this plugin. For support, please use the forums or contact support form. When was the last time you used a search feature inside a site? Cool plugin, about a million miles from essential. You can even integrate the ability to add Facebook reactions to your site. You can also choose to show the sharing buttons on all posts and pages or you can limit them to specific posts, pages or post types.



This plugin can backup your site, but you can also save your backups to multiple locations such as Dropbox, Amazon S3, Google Drive, your computer and more. It allows the post author to advance directly to the posting dashboard of Blog2Social Word-press, in which pre filled posting texts are provided.



Special Mention To: 36 Plugin Performance Profiler! “Often times when a WordPress site loads slowly, it is a result of multiple plugins running.” Yeah, like 37 of them?! This is a great plugin, though. You can even add your branding to even more places than that. You can even manage an eCommerce network.

For instance, before WordPress adds the title of a post to browser output, it first checks to see if any Plugin has registered a function for the "filter" hook called "the_title". You can add a note if you want, this note will appear below the plugin in your list. What you'll learn WordPress Plugin Development Connecting with APIs Teacher Zac Gordon Zac is the WordPress teacher at Treehouse. Certainly, this doesn’t represent a list of plugins every site needs (for example, I don’t need a shop or an appointment service on any of mine), which is, you know, what essential means, as a word. Also, this list is not very good, by any standard, because it’s full of duplication.

About this Course In this project we learn how to build a WordPress plugin. We will then move into best practices for coding in the WordPress environment and some basic functions and reference material you need to know. You can often find him attending and speaking at local WordCamp meetups. You can also customize or assign the default user roles and use shortcodes to protect anything else including only parts of a page or post.

Pro Sites is a powerful plugin that we developed and use ourselves to help us manage subscriptions, capabilities, and memberships. In the process you'll learn actions, filters and how to create widgets and shortcodes. Sign up

You grant to Us a worldwide, irrevocable, non-exclusive, royalty-free license to use, reproduce, adapt, publish, translate and distribute Your Content in any existing or future media. Thanks!

It’s easy to set up and use, compatible with single and Multisite installs of WordPress and also includes all the major social media sites. Any reproduction of the site content has to be authorized and distinctly referenced back to the source. You'll even learn how to integrate with 3rd party APIs and create your own WordPress plugins from scratch. And then, of course, there’s social sidebars and buttons of all sorts. In that i reffer floating social bar plugins ,it is useful to maximize the social media visibility without impacting our website speed. Did you think that “Having social media sharing buttons and links” in your website was all there is to it? Wrong! A “share-to-unlock” plugin places your content behind a message that asks users to share the page on social media before accessing it. Turn it on if/when your site seems slow, and leave disable the rest of the time.

The plugin works for all post images, thumbnails, gravatar images, and content iframes. Sign up

All the content published on the MyThemeShop.com domain including images, site content published on the showcase and on the blog, belongs to MyThemeShop and is under copyright. If You delete Content, we will use reasonable efforts to remove it from the Service, but You acknowledge that caching or references to the Content may not be made immediately unavailable.

These days, being able to share content on social media is a must and your site’s no exception. Someone who wants to use your Plugin can add these "tags" to their theme, in the sidebar, post content section, or wherever it is appropriate. You can offer free or paid memberships, present content over time, offer free trials, customize the registration form or protect anything on your site from posts and media to plugins and categories. Install it . In the process you'll learn actions, filters and how to create widgets and shortcodes. You can often find him attending and speaking at local WordCamp meetups. You'll even learn how to integrate with 3rd party APIs and create your own WordPress plugins from scratch. It's a good idea when documenting the function to give an example of exactly what needs to be added to the theme file to use the function, including the .

All above listed WordPress plugins are effective and very useful. If your Plugin needs to add some information to the printed title, it can register a special function which is called when the "the_title" filter is called.

WordPress Advanced About this Course In this project we learn how to build a WordPress plugin. All of the feedback is read, and we’re collecting the most numerous requests for implementation.

We're always looking to improve our documentation. You can also use WordPress social sharing plugin by social9 to make your content shareable.

The only item on the list I take issue with is Contact Form 7. It also useful for adding horizontal share bar to website different-different post.Unlike other social media plugins, it support major social media networks to keep plugin slim.

Membership 2 Pro can do it all. and then turn it off. Plus, you don’t have to touch any code.

With TablePress, you can easily create tables that can be embedded into posts, pages, or text widgets by using a Shortcode. In the "List Name" field, put the name of the List. Backups can also be scheduled so you don’t have to lift a finger to help save your site the next time disaster strikes.

That’s where MarketPress comes in. You can also use Pro Sites to create a network of sites like WordPress.com or Edublogs.org that have paid upgrades for blogging and creating sites. For support, please use the forums or contact support form. If this page didn't answer your question or left you wanting more, let us know! We love hearing your feedback. In the Description field, put a few words describing the List. To add a plugin to your List, go to a plugin page and click the "Add to List" button. He has an extensive background in web design and WordPress education, having taught and help run college and high school web programs. If so, the title text is passed in turn through each registered function and the final output is the end result of any and all of these registered functions. No more extra coding is required to create multiple sidebars for different scenarios on your site.

You can completely customize the admin bar, login page, footer, dashboard and everywhere else WordPress logos and branding appears. No special coding is necessary as table data can be entered directly into a spreadsheet interface.

Hi, For effective automation of social media their is an user friendly cross posting plugin name Blog2Social. eg: Best Seo plugins for your site. My preference in that space is Gravity Forms. We will start with an overview of what plugins are and how they work. We will then move into best practices for coding in the WordPress environment and some basic functions and reference material you need to know. An install running 37 plugins is borderline bloated. MarketPress also makes it easy to manage your sales, inventory, shipping requirements and products. P.S: You can only add plugins that are in our directory.

When trying to sell products on your site, it’s important to choose the right solution since you want the shopping experience to be easy and delightful for your customers, while also being easy for you to manage. It gives your customers a delightful user experience while simultaneously integrating with your site and its pre-existing styles. You need to empower your visitors to share your posts and pages, and to spread the word about your business by making it easy to share your content.

Go crazy with social media. You also grant to Us the right to sublicense these rights and the right to bring an action for infringement of these rights. A popup box will appear where you can select in which of your list you want to add this plugin. Download videos You need to sign up for Treehouse in order to download course videos. “Tweet this” plugins allow you to make any sentence tweetable. A user can cross-post blog posts on social media automatically, customized and scheduled. Though the content published on demo sites is non-exclusive and is not copyrighted.​

Uploading custom plugins is not supported on our service, but if there is one whose features that you feel would benefit users on WordPress.com, then please let us know in the ideas forum! Tell us what plugin you want, where it can be downloaded and most importantly, why you think it should be included on WordPress.com. What you'll learn WordPress Plugin Development Connecting with APIs Teacher Zac Gordon Zac is the WordPress teacher at Treehouse. Check out the Social Networking plugins collection and have fun.

Another way for a WordPress Plugin to add functionality to WordPress is by creating custom Template Tags. After 15 days, no refunds will be granted.

To define a custom template tag, simply write a PHP function and document it for Plugin users on your Plugin's home page and/or in the Plugin's main PHP file. We will start with an overview of what plugins are and how they work. Then click the "Create List" button to create the list.
https://www.saeedshahonline.com 
Hey, Tom! Nice collection of plugins. I like the point Floating social. Rock solid.

With that said, if you believe that the issue truly lies with our product – we will still issue a refund if requested within 15 days of purchase if our item is broken. By default, lists are automatically published as public, which is visible to everyone. For instance, a Plugin that adds geographical tags to posts might define a template tag function called geotag_list_states() for the sidebar, which lists all the states posts are tagged with, with links to the state-based archive pages the Plugin enables.

Speaking of 21, Relevanssi. So 20.

Help us improve: We're always looking to improve our documentation. He has an extensive background in web design and WordPress education, having taught and help run college and high school web programs. Other images within your site can also be included by using a delivered function.

To create a Plugin List, click the button from the left of the page; a popup box will appear. Thanks! Name E-Mail Website

Display Widgets enables you to change your sidebar content for different pages, categories, and more. Written consent of MyThemeShop is required before the MyThemeShop website is used or exploited for any commercial and non-private purpose. If this page didn't answer your question or left you wanting more, let us know! We love hearing your feedback. Easy, powerful, great addons. Download videos You need to sign up for Treehouse in order to download course videos. If you do not want others to see the List, select "Private" from the dropdown list.

Logographic system

The Protestant Reformation had a major influence on education and literacy in England, as it encouraged the reading of the Bible in the vernacular of the people. (Formerly, the Bible was printed only in Latin, the official language of the Catholic Church.) Counties in the east of England, which had frequent interaction with the Low Countries, where the Reformation movement had flourished, developed a higher rate of literacy in the early years of the Reformation than did other areas of England.



The Government-run Eleven-Plus exam selection exam has now been abolished in the UK, and no longer do all children sit for it as used to be the case. However, voluntary selection tests are still conducted in certain areas of the UK, where some of the original grammar schools have been retained. These areas include: Northern Ireland and some English counties and districts including Devon, Dorset, Kent, Buckinghamshire, Essex, Birmingham, Trafford, Wiltshire, North Yorkshire, Calderdale, Kirklees, Wirral, Warwickshire, Gloucestershire, Lincolnshire and some London boroughs such as Bexley, Kingston-upon-Thames and Redbridge. There have been various so far unsuccessful attempts by campaigners to abolish all remaining grammar schools. The remaining grammar schools are now thus still selective, typically taking the top 10-25% of those from the local catchment area. Some of the still-existing grammar schools in the United Kingdom can trace their history back to earlier than the sixteenth century.



The purpose of this special subject is to introduce students to the study of peace and conflict, broadly defined, and to encourage them to write and think about these subjects in a critical and engaged manner informed first and foremost by history-based discourse, but also borrowing from political science, anthropology, and related disciplines. The module will focus on the case study of Rwanda, with individual classes proceeding chronologically. The first semester will cover the pre-colonial period to the start of the second Hutu Republic in 1973, while the second semester will cover 1973 to present. Throughout, students will analyse relevant primary and secondary sources to explore the benefits of applying a historical lens to understanding a nation whose recent history includes both periods of peace and political stability, and several manifestations of state-sanctioned violence, including colonialism, small-scale ethnic, regional, and political conflicts, civil war, genocide, and authoritarianism. Students seeking careers in human rights advocacy, international law, diplomacy, and journalism will also find this course particularly relevant.



You will have the opportunity to develop employability skills and knowledge through volunteering, events, field trips to historical sites, workshops and work placements with local partners in history and heritage. Students will also engage with research placements, organising talks and social events.

This module considers the increasing role that digital media is playing in young people’s lives, and the implications of this for their development, education and well-being. Drawing on research, policy and contemporary thinking, students will explore both empowerment and protectionist discourses, as well as young people’s uses of and attitudes to technology. The module will consider e-safety issues and conditions for promoting digital literacy.

British and Foreign School Society Archive Centre The Society was founded in 1808 by the supporters of Joseph Lancaster (1788-1838) and his system of non-conformist popular education. Collections include the records of the Society, secretaries’ letters and papers, overseas correspondence, annual reports and records of the Society’s schools and colleges. Major collections include correspondence of Joseph Lancaster and his contemporaries 1810-1812. Detailed reports of the archive’s holdings are given in Journal of Educational Administration and History (July 1980), History of Education (October 1981) and The Local Historian, xiv/4 .

Students will be invited to interrogate a variety of differing learning experiences and engage in evaluation of these with reference to issues of equity, diversity and social justice. Students will be encouraged to reflect on their own learning experiences with reference to critical evaluation of theoretical perspectives, reading and research and to further understanding of concepts such as education, schooling, identities, learner/teacher roles, educational values and beliefs.

The aim of this class is for to gain an understanding of the key role that disability plays in the study of the historical past. The class will explore the ways in which disability has been defined, treated and experienced. It will place developments in disability policy within wider social, cultural and political contexts. Students will engage with, and think critically about, primary sources ranging from official papers, newspaper articles, and oral testimonies, in addition to relevant secondary source material. The use of oral testimonies in particular will help students to consider the lived experiences of disabled people and the ways in which society sought to define and treat disability.

The controversial Conservative Education Act 1902 (also 'Balfour's Act') made radical changes to the entire educational system of England and Wales. It ended the divide between schools run by the 2568 school boards and the 14,000 church schools, administered primarily by the Church of England, which educated about a third of students. Local Education Authorities were established, which were able to set local tax rates, and the school boards were disbanded. Funds were provided for denominational religious instruction in voluntary elementary schools, owned primarily by the Church of England and Roman Catholics. The law was extended in 1903 to cover London.

In ancient Egypt, literacy was concentrated among an educated elite of scribes. Only people from certain backgrounds were allowed to train to become scribes, in the service of temple, pharaonic, and military authorities. The hieroglyph system was always difficult to learn, but in later centuries was purposely made even more so, as this preserved the scribes' status. The rate of literacy in Pharaonic Egypt during most periods from the third to first millennium BC has been estimated at not more than one percent, or between one half of one percent and one percent.

All KIS information has been published on the Unistats website and can also be accessed via the small advert, or ‘widget’, below. On the Unistats website you are able to compare all the KIS data for each course with data for other courses.

In Tudor England, Edward VI reorganised grammar schools and instituted new ones so that there was a national system of "free grammar schools." In theory these were open to all, offering free tuition to those who could not afford to pay fees. The vast majority of poor children did not attend these schools since their labour was economically critical to their families.

During the second year of study you will undertake a 20-credits module entitled ‘Learning in an Inclusive Environment’. As part of this module, you will have the opportunity for gaining valuable work experience through a work placement. This placement may be in a classroom, museum or other contexts which respond to education in its broadest sense. The work will provide you with an insight into the application of concepts and ideas that surround education. Further it offers an opportunity to gain first-hand experience that will support your future career aspirations. In your second year you will also study a module that explores educational identities in relation to knowledge, power, culture and social relations.

Modern systems of education in Europe derive their origins from the schools of the High Middle Ages. Most schools during this era were founded upon religious principles with the primary purpose of training the clergy. Many of the earliest universities, such as the University of Paris founded in 1160, had a Christian basis. In addition to this, a number of secular universities existed, such as the University of Bologna, founded in 1088. Free education for the poor was officially mandated by the Church in 1179 when it decreed that every cathedral must assign a master to teach boys too poor to pay the regular fee; parishes and monasteries also established free schools teaching at least basic literary skills. With few exceptions, priests and brothers taught locally, and their salaries were frequently subsidized by towns. Private, independent schools reappeared in medieval Europe during this time, but they, too, were religious in nature and mission. The curriculum was usually based around the trivium and to a lesser extent quadrivium (the seven Artes Liberales or Liberal arts) and was conducted in Latin, the lingua franca of educated Western Europe throughout the Middle Ages and Renaissance.

In the Ancien Régime before 1789, educational facilities and aspirations were becoming increasingly institutionalized primarily in order to supply the church and state with the functionaries to serve as their future administrators. France had many small local schools where working-class children — both boys and girls — learned to read, the better to know, love and serve God. The sons and daughters of the noble and bourgeois elites, however, were given quite distinct educations: boys were sent to upper school, perhaps a university, while their sisters perhaps were sent for finishing at a convent. The Enlightenment challenged this old ideal, but no real alternative presented itself for female education. Only through education at home were knowledgeable women formed, usually to the sole end of dazzling their salons.

History at Ulster covers the period from the early modern era to the 20th Century. Students are given the opportunity to select from a diverse range of modules that cover Ireland, Britain, the Americas, and Europe. Political, social, economic and cultural history are given due weighting in the programme.

Japan isolated itself from the rest of the world in the year 1600 under the Tokugawa regime (1600–1867). In 1600 very few common people were literate. By the period's end, learning had become widespread. Tokugawa education left a valuable legacy: an increasingly literate populace, a meritocratic ideology, and an emphasis on discipline and competent performance. Traditional Samurai curricula for elites stressed morality and the martial arts. Confucian classics were memorized, and reading and recitation of them were common methods of study. Arithmetic and calligraphy were also studied. Education of commoners was generally practically oriented, providing basic 3-Rs, calligraphy and use of the abacus. Much of this education was conducted in so-called temple schools (terakoya), derived from earlier Buddhist schools. These schools were no longer religious institutions, nor were they, by 1867, predominantly located in temples. By the end of the Tokugawa period, there were more than 11,000 such schools, attended by 750,000 students. Teaching techniques included reading from various textbooks, memorizing, abacus, and repeatedly copying Chinese characters and Japanese script. By the 1860s, 40-50% of Japanese boys, and 15% of the girls, had some schooling outside the home. These rates were comparable to major European nations at the time (apart from Germany, which had compulsory schooling). Under subsequent Meiji leadership, this foundation would facilitate Japan's rapid transition from feudal society to modern nation which paid very close attention to Western science, technology and educational methods. .

Entry requirements A minimum of a second-class UK Bachelor's degree in an appropriate subject, or an overseas qualification of an equivalent standard from a recognised higher education institution. English language requirements If your education has not been conducted in the English language, you will be expected to demonstrate evidence of an adequate level of English proficiency. The English language level for this programme is: Good Further information can be found on our English language requirements page.

Under the guidance of Wilhelm von Humboldt a new university was founded in Berlin in 1810 which became the model for many research universities. Herbart developed a system of pedagogy widely used in German-speaking areas. Mass compulsory schooling started in Prussia c1800 to "produce more soldiers and more obedient citizens" In the late 19th century, most of West, Central, and parts of East Europe began to provide elementary education in reading, writing, and arithmetic, partly because politicians believed that education was needed for orderly political behavior. As more people became literate, they realized that most secondary education was only open to those who could afford it. Having created primary education, the major nations had to give further attention to secondary education by the time of World War I.

From around the 13th century until the latter part of the 19th century, the Three Character Classic, which is an embodiment of Confucian thought suitable for teaching to young children, served as a child's first formal education at home. The text is written in triplets of characters for easy memorization. With illiteracy common for most people at the time, the oral tradition of reciting the classic ensured its popularity and survival through the centuries. With the short and simple text arranged in three-character verses, children learned many common characters, grammar structures, elements of Chinese history and the basis of Confucian morality.

In modern times, apprenticeship became less important, especially as employment in heavy industry and artisan trades has declined since the 1980s. Traditional apprenticeships reached their lowest point in the 1980s: by that time, training programmes were rare and people who were apprentices learned mainly by example.

You'll take part in workshops for practical aspects of the course, and have access to lab space and specialist teaching space for science and the expressive arts, including physical education. Field trips and the chance to study elective and optional classes are also available to students.

The systematic provision of learning techniques to most children, such as literacy, has been a development of the last 150 or 200 years, or even last 50 years in some countries. Schools for the young have historically been supplemented with advanced training for priests, bureaucrats and specialists.

This module offers students the opportunity to enhance their critical understanding of the concepts of equality and diversity and engage with their own interests. Students will critically engage with research and debates surrounding equality and inclusion policy agendas. These will include analysis and interpretations of ‘race’, ethnicity, social class, gender, disability, ageing and sexuality and how these are mediated by the concept of inter-sectionality. Students will blend experience and a review of research and policy to produce presentations and a policy report on a theme and specific issue of their choice.

This class focuses on the history of the British Isles from 1700 to 1914. It was a period of phenomenal change in terms of who ruled the country, the main economic activities, emerging cultural expression and attitudes and the growth of British power overseas on an unprecedented scale.

There is an optional field trip connected to a module for second and third year students to the Mediterranean to allow students to visit ancient sites first hand. The Faculty subsidises this trip but the cost each year is dependent on airfare, location, and currency exchange rates. The Faculty aims to keep the cost in the range £400-£700. For the Field trip modules, a deposit is usually required in September/October to ensure a place with the full cost due in December/January. Payment is made to the Finance Office on campus or through the online payment facility.

The modern era of French education begins in the 1790s. The Revolution in the 1790s abolished the traditional universities Napoleon sought to replace them with new institutions, the Polytechnique, focused on technology. The elementary schools received little attention until 1830, when France copied the Prussian system.
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In what became Mesopotamia, the early logographic system of cuneiform script took many years to master. Thus only a limited number of individuals were hired as scribes to be trained in its reading and writing. Only royal offspring and sons of the rich and professionals such as scribes, physicians, and temple administrators, were schooled. Most boys were taught their father's trade or were apprenticed to learn a trade. Girls stayed at home with their mothers to learn housekeeping and cooking, and to look after the younger children. Later, when a syllabic script became more widespread, more of the Mesopotamian population became literate. Later still in Babylonian times there were libraries in most towns and temples; an old Sumerian proverb averred that "he who would excel in the school of the scribes must rise with the dawn." There arose a whole social class of scribes, mostly employed in agriculture, but some as personal secretaries or lawyers. Women as well as men learned to read and write, and for the Semitic Babylonians, this involved knowledge of the extinct Sumerian language, and a complicated and extensive syllabary. Vocabularies, grammars, and interlinear translations were compiled for the use of students, as well as commentaries on the older texts and explanations of obscure words and phrases. Massive archives of texts were recovered from the archaeological contexts of Old Babylonian scribal schools, through which literacy was disseminated. The Epic of Gilgamesh, an epic poem from Ancient Mesopotamia is among the earliest known works of literary fiction. The earliest Sumerian versions of the epic date from as early as the Third Dynasty of Ur (2150-2000 BC) (Dalley 1989: 41-42).

Discover Durham tours offer a brief introduction to the University. The tour begins at one of our undergraduate colleges, where you will receive an introductory talk from a member of college staff, followed by a tour of the college by current students.

This module does education differently, both in terms of what we study as well as how we do it. Whereas other modules in education studies educate about education largely from a critical perspective on schools and societies, this module rips up the school and even society as we hegemonically know it. We look at, consider and discuss alternatives. The purpose of the explorations we undertake together are to know education afresh and differently. Examples of schools and a wide variety of out of school educational practice from around the world are considered. Our focus is on education with autonomy, self-direction, freedom not license, voice, community, destructured, unschooled, deschooled, home-led versions and other legal options. We will be dealing with practices within and outside the mainstream. The module has a strong focus on ideas, theories, philosophies and possibilities set within an awareness of the limitations the modern world imposes on any and all approaches which challenge ‘normality’.

The modules introduce a variety of approaches, perspectives and theoretical resources for understanding and explaining aspects of Education Policy, Social Diversity and Inclusion.  Modules also explore early modern European history c1500-1700, Nineteenth century European History and Holocaust studies.

This module introduces students to and expands their knowledge of key theories and concepts within developmental, child and educational psychology. Utilising a bio-psycho-social stance, the module emphasizes normative perspectives on human growth and learning, with a predominant focus on that of children and young people. Against this foundation, consideration will be given to ways in which development and learning may be inhibited, derailed, varied and promoted by family, social and cultural influences as well as practitioner interventions. Emphasis is placed on interdisciplinary perspectives that contribute to critically understanding both these processes and the contested nature of the subject. The module aims to offer possibilities to link theory, research and practice with insights drawn from students’ own lived experience, thus fostering deeper integrative learning opportunities. Particular focus will be placed upon explaining ideas, themes and contemporary issues that inform critical study within this area, which, in turn, will serve to provide a platform for progressive study across all levels of the award.